Unfortunately, headaches are familiar to many. Unpleasant sensations in the head can last from a couple of hours to several days. This condition often interferes with life, preventing full work, rest or daily activities. This is the most common type of complaint that people seek medical attention for. According to WHO estimates, over the past year, 50% of people aged 18–65 have experienced headaches with clinical manifestations. But with proper treatment and prevention, headaches are easy to control on your own.
Types of headaches
Headaches can be felt in different ways: as a heaviness in the forehead, a girdle pressure or “shots” in the back of the head. Today, doctors recognize about 300 types of headaches. Here are the main ones.
Vascular headache
A fairly common syndrome occurs when vascular tone is disrupted. The first signs of vascular headaches begin to appear in adolescence, are more common in women and are associated with family history. When blood pressure increases, the tone of the cerebral vessels decreases, causing pulsating pain. With increased tone, spasm and hypoxia occur, since the supply of oxygen to brain cells decreases. In this case, aching pain is felt. Vascular headaches can also appear due to disruption of venous blood outflow, then heaviness in the back of the head is felt.
Tension headache
This is the most common type of headache. According to the WHO, it can be diagnosed in 70% of cases. Tension headaches occur in both adults and adolescents. Often, this syndrome develops due to muscle tension, such as the aponeurosis of the head or imbalance in the cervical spine, stress and even a lack of certain vitamins. Therefore, tension headaches feel like a tight bandage around the head. Often, this syndrome is accompanied by pain in the cervical spine and shoulders. Tension headaches can be episodic (worry from 30 minutes to a week, less than 15 days a month) and chronic (last for hours and occur 15 or more days a month).
Migraine headache
Or, to put it simply, migraine is one of the most severe types of headache. It manifests itself in attacks of very strong pulsating pain on one side of the head. Episodes can last from several hours to several days. Sometimes migraine is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and also visual distortion – the so-called migraine aura.
Causes of headaches
The most common causes of headaches are stress, fatigue, emotional and mental overload, muscle tension in the neck and shoulders, as well as sleep disturbances and depression.
Headaches can also be caused by external factors. These include drinking coffee or alcohol, sudden changes in weather, stuffiness and strong odors. Even food products can trigger an attack, such as cheese, chocolate, citrus fruits, as well as food containing nitrates, aspartate and sodium glutamate. In addition, headaches can occur due to increased physical activity and dehydration.
How to get rid of a headache
A mild, short-term headache can be overcome with familiar and accessible methods: sleep, a walk in the fresh air, airing the room, light physical exercise, breathing exercises.
Massage of the back and neck muscles, yoga and stretching will also help to cope with headaches. There are studies proving that essential oils help relieve pain: lavender oil should be inhaled, and peppermint oil should be applied to the temples.
To get rid of a severe headache, you need to take the right medicine. So, to stop attacks of tension headaches or migraine pain, painkillers are used – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
A modern, highly effective and safe remedy for relieving headaches is considered to be “Spazgan NEO”. This is a combination drug that has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effect. It combines ibuprofen (400 mg) and two antispasmodics – pitofenone and fenpiverinium bromide. “Spazgan NEO” is available in the form of film-coated tablets, which reduces the risk of adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. The combination of three components of the drug ensures mutual enhancement of their pharmacological effect while maintaining a high level of safety.
According to research, pain relief is observed within half an hour after taking the drug, and the analgesic effect lasts on average for a day. The drug can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription, but before using the drug, you must consult a doctor.
Headache prevention
Headaches often reflect our lifestyle. Stress, anxiety, multitasking and overworking are the causes of their occurrence. That is why it is important to devote enough time to sleep and regular physical activity, maintain a work-life balance, learn to manage stress and practice breathing exercises, meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy. It is also necessary to pay attention to your diet and give up alcohol, coffee and products with aspartame and monosodium glutamate.
There are contraindications, it is necessary to consult a specialist.
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