Diets according to Pevzner, medical or number tables are the names of the same nutrition system, which was developed primarily for hospitals and sanatoriums. Many of the tables imply strict restrictions, so you cannot switch to them on your own, much less eat for a long time according to these schemes. We explain when Pevsner tables appeared and for what diseases they are prescribed.
- What is this
- Indications
- Regulations
- Tables 1–15
Ksenia Selezneva, nutritionist, PhD, candidate of medical sciences, head of the department of dietetics at the European Medical Center (EMC);
Shafag Sadigova, gastroenterologist, nutritionist of the BestDoctor group of companies.
What are Pevzner diets?
Pevzner’s diets include 15 treatment tables. The composition of some of them varies depending on the stage of the disease
Diets, or tables, according to Pevzner, are a system of therapeutic nutrition for different groups of diseases. Complex developed in the 1920s by Soviet therapist and nutritionist Manuil Pevzner (1). At first, this system was widely implemented in sanatorium-resort treatment and hospitals; later, treatment tables were also assigned to outpatients.
Pevzner’s diets include 15 treatment tables. The composition of some of them varies depending on the stage of the disease.
In modern medical practice, the Pevzner diet lasted until the early 2000s. The Ministry of Health excluded them from official dietary recommendations in 2003 (2). The 15 tables were replaced by diets that combined and included some of the principles of the Pevzner system.
Standard diet system (2)
| Options for standard diets (since 2003) | Designations | Pevzner’s numbered diets |
|---|---|---|
| The main version of the standard diet | ATS | 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15 |
| Diet option with mechanical and chemical sparing (gentle diet) | Shd | 1b, 4b, 4c, 5p (1 option) |
| Diet option with increased amounts of protein (high protein diet) | VBD | 4е, 4аг, 5п (option II), 7в, 7г, 9б, 10б, 11, R-1, R-II |
| The second diet option with an increased amount of protein | VBD | 11 |
| Low Protein Diet Option | NBD | 7b, 7a |
| Low calorie diet option | NKD | 8, 8a, 8o, 9a, 10s |
Indications for prescribing diets according to Pevzner
Pevzner’s dietary tables are designed for a wide range of diseases – from gastrointestinal to cardiovascular. The indications for assigning number tables are as follows: (3), (4), (5), (6):
- table 1 (1A, 1B) – diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with an emphasis on ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum;
- table 2 – indicated for colitis and gastritis with secretory insufficiency;
- table 3 – designed to treat various forms of constipation;
- table 4 (4A, 4B, 4B) – for all forms of chronic colitis and enterocolitis with severe inflammation of the intestines, fermentation processes and diarrhea;
- table 5 (5A) – diseases of the gallbladder, liver, pancreatitis;
- table 6 – gout and urolithiasis with the passage of stones consisting of urates;
- table 7 (7A, 7B) – kidney diseases, acute nephritis;
- table 8 – for obesity and excess weight;
- table 9 (9A, 9B) – for patients with diabetes;
- table 10 (10A) – for diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- table 11 – for the treatment of tuberculosis, pneumonia;
- table 12 – for diseases of the nervous system;
- table 13 – for the duration of treatment of acute infectious diseases;
- table 14 – urolithiasis with precipitation of phosphorus-calcium salts (phosphaturia);
- table 15 – a common table with a normal state of the digestive organs.
Pevzner diets are also divided into two groups:
- physiologically complete. These are tables No. 1, 2, 3, 4B, 4B, 5, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15. They are as close as possible to complete nutrition and are intended for long-term therapy;
- scarce. Tables No. 1A, 1B, 5A, 7A, 7B, 8, 10A suggest a significant restriction on caloric content and main components: proteins, fats and carbohydrates. They are introduced for a short period of time.
Principles of nutrition according to the Pevzner diet
Each numbered table has its own daily caloric intake, 1.5–3 thousand kcal, depending on the specific diet
Here are some of the basic nutritional recommendations for Pevzner’s therapeutic diets.
- Fractional meals. Food is taken in small portions and on schedule. Breakfast, lunch and dinner times should be approximately the same every day. Snacks are a must in between. As a result, the daily diet consists of approximately five to six meals.
- Calorie limit. Each numbered table has its own daily caloric intake, 1.5–3 thousand kcal, depending on the specific diet. Separately, there are recommendations on caloric intake of diets during exacerbation of a particular disease.
- Product exclusion. An absolute taboo in any Pevzner diet is fried, smoked, fatty and other foods that are classified as not the most healthy. Carbonated drinks, sweets and alcohol are also excluded from the diet.
- Liquid norm. Each diet has its own norms for the amount of fluid during the day (1–2 l).
- Limiting salt. Therapeutic nutrition involves limiting salt. In some tables, table salt consumption is completely eliminated or does not exceed 1.5 g per day.
- Cooking method. In most numbered diets, foods are prescribed to be prepared in a gentle way, as a rule, boiled or stewed, and before serving, chopped and pureed.
All diets according to Pevzner: features of treatment tables
The menu of table No. 2 is based on juiced products, including rich vegetable and meat broths
Composition and features of the diet of Pevzner’s numbered diet tables.
Table No. 0
Table No. 0, or surgical diet, is intended for the period after surgery on the digestive organs, says Ksenia Selezneva. Now this diet option is called a gentle diet. It helps the digestive system recover without overload, the doctor notes. The composition of this healing table is rich in vitamins and nutrients,…
